（2019年2月12日）根据美国人力资源管理协会(Society for Human Resource Management)日前发布的《2019年职场状况》(2019 State of Workplace)报告，技能差距正在扩大并令就业市场吃紧。
报告中的一项调查显示，52%的人力资源专业人士表示，在过去两年，技能差距已经严重恶化。此外，83%的人表示，他们注意到求职者的素质有所下降，三分之一的人表示缺乏必要的专业技能。
报告显示，人才缺口在贸易、在科学、技术、工程及数学中的中等技术岗位和高级技术岗位上表现尤为明显。木工、管道、焊接和机械加工是劳动力中最缺乏的技术能力。数据分析、科学、工程、医疗和金融领域的人才也供不应求。
尽管约四分之三的受访者表示，外籍工人对美国经济增长做出了积极贡献，有助于推动创新，但逾三分之一的受访者表示，他们的公司在招聘这些工人时面临像H-1B签证等工作签证数量不足的挑战。此外，三分之一的人表示，通过工作移民的程序冗长复杂，而且结果难以预料。
美国人力资源管理协会主席兼首席执行官Johnny C. Taylor, Jr. 表示: “63%的美国人认为，雇主在招聘过程中遇到的困难已经存在一段时间了——劳动力中存在技能短缺。”“现在清楚的是，我们需要创新思维和果断行动，而且公共政策必须改变。”
SKILLS SHORTAGE TIGHTENS JOB MARKET, 83% REPORT RECRUITING DIFFICULTY: SHRM
(Feb.12, 2019, ）The skills gap is widening and tightening the job market, according to the Society for Human Resource Management’s 2019 State of the Workplace report released today.
According to one survey used in the report, 52% of HR professionals said that the skills gap has worsened or greatly worsened in the past two years. Additionally, 83% said they have noticed a decrease in the quality of job applicants, with one-third citing a lack of needed technical skills.
The gap is evident in the trades, middle-skilled positions and highly skilled STEM positions, according to the report. Carpentry, plumbing, welding and machining are the technical abilities most lacking in the workforce. Data analysis, science, engineering, medical and finance talent is also in short supply.
While about three-quarters of survey respondents said foreign-born workers contribute positively to US economic growth and help drive innovation, more than one-third said their businesses were challenged by an insufficient number of employment-based visas, such as H-1Bs, to recruit these workers. Additionally, one-third said the employment-based immigration process was lengthy and complex with unpredictable results.
“A majority of Americans, 63%, believe what employers facing difficulty in recruiting have known for some time — there is a skills shortage in the workforce,” SHRM President and CEO Johnny C. Taylor, Jr. said. “What is now clear is that innovative thinking and resolute action are needed, and public policy must change.”
